Source review completed May 27, 2026. Position summaries in the checker are paraphrases; follow the original entries for full arguments and bibliographies.
The 2020 PhilPapers SurveyPhilPeople / PhilPapers
Topic selection: its 100 questions include God, meta-ethics, meaning, mind, free will, trolley cases, and eating animals.
2023-24 Religious Landscape StudyPew Research Center
Public relevance: a large United States survey about religious affiliation, belief in God, and social views.
Atheism and AgnosticismStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Distinguishes lacking belief, asserting that no gods exist, and suspension of judgment.
Cosmological ArgumentStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Surveys arguments from contingency, explanation, and beginnings to a necessary or divine cause, with objections.
Moral Arguments for the Existence of GodStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Explains arguments relating moral normativity or dignity to God and their contested premises.
The Problem of EvilStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Maps logical and evidential arguments from suffering and theistic defenses or theodicies.
Hiddenness of GodStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Presents the argument from nonresistant nonbelief and theistic responses.
Theological VoluntarismStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Examines divine-command accounts of obligation and Euthyphro-style concerns.
Moral Anti-RealismStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Defines mind-independent moral realism and several ways of denying it.
The Meaning of LifeStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Surveys supernaturalist, objective naturalist, subjective, hybrid, and nihilist views of meaning.
Free WillStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Introduces alternative-possibilities, sourcehood, responsibility, and theological issues.
CompatibilismStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Defends and challenges accounts on which determinism and responsible agency can coexist.
Foreknowledge and Free WillStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Surveys theological fatalism and compatibilist responses.
PhysicalismStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Defines physicalist completeness and addresses consciousness objections.
DualismStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Covers mental/physical distinction and arguments from consciousness.
The Moral Status of AnimalsStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Reviews sentience, personhood, interests, and food-choice implications.
ConsequentialismStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Defines the view that rightness depends only on outcomes, and its main objections.
Deontological EthicsStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Presents agent-relative constraints on which some acts are wrong even when they maximize the good.
Epistemology of ReligionStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Covers evidentialism (Locke, Clifford) and reformed-epistemology replies about belief in God.